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1.Types of Matrices
Class 12 • Mathematics • NCERT
Types of Matrices
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This lesson introduces different types of matrices as prescribed by NCERT Class 12. Understanding matrix types is essential before performing matrix operations and solving higher-level problems.
Lesson Objectives
- Understand what a matrix is.
- Identify different types of matrices.
- Recognise matrices based on order and elements.
- Prepare for NCERT exam questions.
1. Matrix
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns.
The order of a matrix is written as m × n (rows × columns).
2. Row Matrix
A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix.
Example: [ 2 5 −1 ]
3. Column Matrix
A matrix having only one column is called a column matrix.
Example:
[ 3 ]
[ 1 ]
[ −4 ]
[ 3 ]
[ 1 ]
[ −4 ]
4. Rectangular Matrix
A matrix having unequal number of rows and columns is called a rectangular matrix.
Order: m × n where m ≠ n
5. Square Matrix
A matrix having equal number of rows and columns is called a square matrix.
Order: n × n
6. Zero (Null) Matrix
A matrix in which all elements are zero is called a zero matrix.
7. Diagonal Matrix
A square matrix in which all non-diagonal elements are zero is called a diagonal matrix.
8. Scalar Matrix
A diagonal matrix in which all diagonal elements are equal is called a scalar matrix.
9. Identity Matrix
A scalar matrix in which all diagonal elements are 1 is called an identity matrix.
Denoted by I
Practice Questions (NCERT)
- Define a matrix.
- What is the order of a matrix?
- What is a row matrix?
- What is a column matrix?
- Define a square matrix.
- What is a zero matrix?
- What is a diagonal matrix?
- What is a scalar matrix?
- What is an identity matrix?
- Is this topic part of NCERT Class 12 syllabus?
✅ Show Answer Key
- Rectangular array of numbers
- Number of rows × columns
- Matrix with one row
- Matrix with one column
- Rows = columns
- All elements are zero
- Non-diagonal elements are zero
- Diagonal elements are equal
- Diagonal elements are 1
- Yes
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