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3.Graphical Representation of Data
Class 11 • Mathematics • NCERT
Graphical Representation of Data
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This lesson explains different methods of graphical representation of data as prescribed by NCERT Class 11 Statistics. Graphs help in understanding data visually and comparing large data sets easily.
Lesson Objectives
- Understand why graphs are used in statistics.
- Learn different types of graphs.
- Interpret data using graphs.
- Develop exam-ready clarity.
1. Why Graphical Representation?
Graphical representation of data helps us to understand numerical data easily by converting it into visual form.
Graphs help in comparison, analysis, and quick interpretation of data.
2. Bar Graph
A bar graph represents data using rectangular bars of equal width.
• Bars can be vertical or horizontal
• Height of bar represents frequency
• Height of bar represents frequency
3. Histogram
A histogram is used for continuous grouped frequency distribution.
• No gaps between bars
• Class intervals on x-axis
• Frequencies on y-axis
• Class intervals on x-axis
• Frequencies on y-axis
4. Frequency Polygon
A frequency polygon is obtained by joining the mid-points of class intervals with straight lines.
It helps in comparing two or more frequency distributions.
5. Ogive (Cumulative Frequency Curve)
An ogive is a graph of cumulative frequency distribution.
• Less than ogive
• More than ogive
• Used to find median and quartiles
• More than ogive
• Used to find median and quartiles
6. Important NCERT Notes
• Choice of graph depends on data type
• Scale must be chosen carefully
• Proper labelling is essential
• Scale must be chosen carefully
• Proper labelling is essential
Practice Questions (NCERT)
- Why is graphical representation of data important?
- Which graph is used for continuous data?
- What is a histogram?
- Why are there no gaps in a histogram?
- What is a frequency polygon?
- What is an ogive?
- Which graph is used to find median graphically?
- Which axis represents frequency?
- Can bar graphs be horizontal?
- Is this topic part of NCERT Class 11 syllabus?
✅ Show Answer Key
- To understand data visually
- Histogram
- Graph for continuous frequency distribution
- Data is continuous
- Graph joining mid-points of class intervals
- Cumulative frequency curve
- Ogive
- Y-axis
- Yes
- Yes
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