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6.Classical Probability
Class 11 • Mathematics • NCERT
Classical Probability
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This lesson explains the classical definition of probability as prescribed by NCERT Class 11. Students learn how to calculate probabilities when all outcomes are equally likely.
Lesson Objectives
- Understand the classical approach to probability.
- Identify equally likely outcomes.
- Calculate probability of simple events.
- Avoid common NCERT mistakes.
1. Meaning of Classical Probability
Classical probability is used when all outcomes of a random experiment are equally likely.
This method is also called theoretical probability.
2. Classical Definition of Probability
If an experiment has a finite number of equally likely outcomes, then the probability of an event E is:
P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes / Total number of outcomes
3. Conditions for Using Classical Probability
• Outcomes must be finite
• All outcomes must be equally likely
• Each outcome must be known clearly
• All outcomes must be equally likely
• Each outcome must be known clearly
4. Simple NCERT Examples
• Tossing a coin:
P(Head) = 1/2
P(Head) = 1/2
• Rolling a die:
P(Getting 3) = 1/6
• Drawing a card from a deck:
P(King) = 4/52 = 1/13
5. Important NCERT Notes
• Probability of sure event = 1
• Probability of impossible event = 0
• 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
• Probability of impossible event = 0
• 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
Practice Questions (NCERT)
- What is classical probability?
- State the classical definition of probability.
- When can classical probability be applied?
- Find the probability of getting a head in a coin toss.
- Find the probability of getting an even number on a die.
- Find the probability of drawing an ace from a deck of cards.
- What is the probability of a sure event?
- What is the probability of an impossible event?
- Can classical probability be used when outcomes are not equally likely?
- Is this topic part of NCERT Class 11 syllabus?
✅ Show Answer Key
- Probability based on equally likely outcomes
- Favourable outcomes / Total outcomes
- When outcomes are equally likely
- 1/2
- 3/6 = 1/2
- 4/52 = 1/13
- 1
- 0
- No
- Yes
© Aviate Learning – Probability (NCERT Class 11)