In this session, students learn that all matter is made of tiny particles. Using the particle model, they explore how particles are arranged and move differently in solids, liquids, and gases. The lesson explains why solids keep their shape, liquids flow, and gases spread out to fill a space. Students also study diffusion and Brownian motion as evidence that particles are always moving. Changes of state such as melting, boiling, and condensing are explained in terms of energy transfer and particle movement. This session provides a strong foundation for understanding chemistry concepts studied later in the course.

This session helps students understand the difference between pure substances and mixtures. They explore physical changes, dissolving, conservation of mass, and simple separation techniques such as filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography, using real-life examples to strengthen understanding.

This session introduces chemical reactions and how new substances are formed. Students learn to identify reactions, understand conservation of mass, and explore key reaction types including combustion, oxidation, displacement, and acid–alkali reactions, building a strong foundation for future chemistry studies.